Swinglea glutinosa leaves derived material in combination with pyrethroids for control of acari

ABSTRACT

The invention of the present application provides a natural material derived from  Swinglea glutinosa  leaves that in combination with low doses of pyrethroids, maintains the effect of high doses of pyrethroids over mites. The material derived from  Swinglea glutinosa  leaves, in a preparation with pyrethroids, results in a mix material with the potential to lower the doses of synthetic pyrethroids, eliminating the need to use high doses of synthetic pesticides for acari control.

This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/466,801 filed on May 15, 2009, which has one inventor incommon. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/466,801 is incorporatedherein in its entirety by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Area of the Invention

The present invention is related to how to treat acari with a materialderived from Swinglea glutinosa leaves and a preparation made of thematerial derived from Swinglea glutinosa leaves and pyrethroids. Thematerial is described by preceding pending unpublished U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/466,801.

2. Description of Prior Art

Mite pests affect a range of agronomic, vegetable and fruit cultivationscausing great losses. Pyrethroids, such as permethrin have been use tocontrol mites. Because, resistance by mites to pyrethroids is common,increasingly high doses of these synthetic pesticide are being used tocontrol these acari. In addition, in order to combat resistance,pyrethroids are used in combination with pesticides, e.g., avermectins.

Unfortunately, the prior art describes few options regarding naturalderived compound that can be used in a mix with pyrethroids to diminishresistance by mites to pyrethroids, or to minimize using high doses ofsynthetic pyrethroids. The Invention of the present applicationovercomes these prior art limitations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention of the present application provides a natural materialderived from Swinglea glutinosa leaves that in combination with lowdoses of pyrethroids, maintains the effect of high doses of pyrethroidsover mites. The material derived from Swinglea glutinosa leaves, in apreparation with pyrethroids, results in a mix material with thepotential to lower the doses of synthetic pyrethroids, eliminating theneed to use high doses of synthetic pesticides for acari control.

More specifically, the invention of the present application provides apreparation that comprises a material derived from Swinglea glutinosaleaves and pyrethroids.

In an aspect of the present invention, the preparation is used to treatacari.

In one additional aspect of the present invention, the acari isTetranichus sp.

In another aspect of the present invention, the pyrethroids of thepreparation are constituted by permethrin.

In one more aspect of the preparation of the present invention, thematerial derived from Swinglea glutinosa leaves is an extract obtainedby a method comprising:

-   -   A. Exposing bright dark green Swinglea glutinosa leaves in a dry        environment, wherein said leaves are protected from direct        sunlight, wherein the leaves are exposed to air flow;    -   B. leaving the leaves in the environment described in A. until        the leaves turn opaque green and the leaves are brittle;    -   C. breaking up the leaves into small fragments;    -   D. putting the Swinglea glutinosa leaf fragments in contact with        a solvent at least once;    -   E. repeat step D. until the solvent is enriched with substances        derived from the leaf fragments; and,    -   F. retiring the solvent to release an extract.

Objectives and advantages of the present application invention will bemore evident in the detailed description of the invention and theclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1. Shows a graphic of bars illustrating average counts of theamount of Tetranichus spp. mobile acari before treatment, three daysafter the first treatment, and three days after the second treatment.

FIG. 2. Shows a graphic of bars illustrating average counts of theTetranichus spp. eggs before treatment, three days after the firsttreatment, and three days after the second treatment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

the invention of the present application provides a preparation thatcomprises a material derived from Swinglea glutinosa leaves andpyrethroids.

In an aspect of the present invention, the preparation is used to treatacari.

In one additional aspect of the present invention, the acari isTetranichus sp.

In another aspect of the present invention, the pyrethroids of thepreparation are constituted by permethrin.

In one more aspect of the preparation of the present invention, thematerial derived from Swinglea glutinosa leaves is an extract obtainedby a method comprising:

-   -   A. Exposing bright dark green Swinglea glutinosa leaves in a dry        environment, wherein said leaves are protected from direct        sunlight, wherein the leaves are exposed to air flow;    -   B. leaving the leaves in the environment described in A. until        the leaves turn opaque green and the leaves are brittle;    -   C. breaking up the leaves into small fragments;    -   D. putting the Swinglea glutinosa leaf fragments in contact with        a solvent at least once;    -   E. repeat step D. until the solvent is enriched with substances        derived from the leaf fragments; and,    -   F. retiring the solvent to release an extract.

The term acari includes:

-   Polyphagotarsonemus sp.-   Aculops sp.-   Brevipalpus sp.-   Aceria sp.-   Phyllocoptruta sp.-   Epitrimerus sp.-   Tetranychus sp.-   Panonychus sp.-   Phyllocnistis sp.-   Scrobipalpula sp.-   Psylla sp.-   Boophilus sp.,    and other species described as acari.

The term acari for purposes of the present invention also coversLiriomyza sp. (although technically Liriomyza sp. is not an acari),since both the extract from Swinglea glutinosa (disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/466,801), and Pyrethroids have been described tokill Liriomyza sp.

In one more aspect of the Swinglea glutinosa extract of the presentinvention, in the method, the leaves must not be broken into leaffragments that are less than 0.5 mm, since smaller fragments would tendto become a single mass which will become a limitation for the optimalextraction with a solvent.

In all cases where a solvent is mentioned in this application, thesolvent that can be used comprises ethanol, methanol, hexane, propanol,isopropanol, CO₂, acetone, water, ethyl-acetate, nitrile-acetate,toluene, tetrahydrofurane, Chloroform, dichloromethane, and others.

Objectives and advantages of the present application invention will bemore evident in the detailed description of the invention and theclaims.

EXAMPLES

A test was made by studying four flowered rose plant lots which wereinfected with Tetranichus spp. acari. The number of mobile acari andeggs on leaves of the four flowered rose plant lots were counted one daybefore treatment. One of four treatments was administered to one fourflowered rose plant lot. The four treatments were:

1. Swinglea glutinosa   2 ml/Liter 2. Swinglea glutinosa + Permethrin  2 ml/Liter + 5.6 ml/Liter 3. Permethrin 7.5 ml/Liter 4. No treatment

Each one of the four treatments was administered twice with an intervalof seven days between treatments to six infected flowered rose plantlots, respectively. Three days after each treatment the number of mobileacari and eggs were counted again. Each experiment was repeated sixtimes.

Results can be observed in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Mortality of Tetranichus sp. Mites Decrease in % mobile Decreasein % TREATMENT acari counted eggs counted SS 83.9% 92.05% SS + P (75%)86.7%  94.2% P (100%) 88.6%  82.4% NT 40.3%  47.9% SS = Swingleaglutinosa extract 2 ml/L P (75%) = Permethrin 5.6 ml/Liter P (100%) =Permethrin 7.5 ml/Liter NT = no treatment

Because of the decrease % for the control (no treatment) a correction onthe treatment effect was made by using the Henderson & Tilton formula:

${{Corrected}\mspace{14mu} \%} = {\left( {1 - \frac{n\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {Co}\mspace{14mu} {before}\mspace{14mu} {treatment}*n\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} T\mspace{14mu} {after}\mspace{14mu} {treatment}}{N\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} {Co}\mspace{14mu} {after}\mspace{14mu} {treatment}*n\mspace{14mu} {in}\mspace{14mu} T\mspace{14mu} {before}\mspace{14mu} {treatment}}} \right)*100}$

Where: n=insect population, T=treated, Co=control

The results show in table 1 show that the combination of a lower dose ofpermethrin—75%+Swinglea glutinosa extract is equivalent to the full doseof permethrin—100%. This result suggest that the use of high doses ofpermethrin can be lowered by adding Swinglea glutinosa extract topermethrin.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show the counts for Tetranichus spp. mobile acari and eggsillustrating similar equivalent results for permethrin—75%+Swingleaglutinosa extract and permethrin—100%.

1. A preparation that comprises a material derived from Swingleaglutinosa leaves and pyrethroids.
 2. The preparation of claim 1, whereinthe preparation is used to treat acari.
 3. The preparation of claim 1,wherein the preparation is used to treat Tetranichus sp.
 4. Thepreparation of claim 1, wherein the pyrethroids of the preparation areconstituted by permethrin.
 5. The preparation of claim 1, wherein thematerial is an extract obtained by a method comprising: A. exposingbright dark green Swinglea glutinosa leaves in a dry environment,wherein said leaves are protected from direct sunlight, wherein theleaves are exposed to air flow; B. leaving the leaves in the environmentdescribed in A. until the leaves turn opaque green and the leaves arebrittle; C. breaking up the leaves into small fragments; D. putting theSwinglea glutinosa leaf fragments in contact with a solvent at leastonce; E. repeat step D. until the solvent is enriched with substancesderived from the leaf fragments; and, F. retiring the solvent to releasean extract.